What is zirconia coating and what are its advantages and disadvantages

A zirconia crown is one of the latest and most advanced methods for restoring damaged or misshapen teeth. These crowns are made of zirconium ceramic, which is highly durable, resistant to fractures and discoloration, and fully compatible with gum tissue. This makes zirconia crowns a popular choice among both dentists and patients.

According to statistics from adentalcare.com, the price of zirconia crowns is higher compared to other types of crowns.

Zirconia crown samples demonstrate that these crowns closely resemble natural teeth due to their transparency and natural coloration, providing a beautiful and attractive smile. In addition to their aesthetic appeal, zirconia crowns are highly functional and can remain on your teeth for a long time without needing replacement.

The lifespan of a zirconia crown depends on several factors, including the quality of the materials used, the dentist's skill, the patient's care, and oral hygiene. However, in general, zirconia crowns are highly durable and, with proper care, can remain on your teeth for many years.

 

What Are the Types of Zirconia Crowns?

Zirconia crowns come in various types, each with its specific applications and features. Below is an overview of the different types of zirconia crowns:

 

All-Ceramic Zirconia Crown

This type is made entirely of zirconia with no metal components. All-ceramic crowns are highly popular due to their aesthetic appeal and natural appearance.

 

Advantages:

• Extremely natural and translucent appearance
• High compatibility with gum tissue
• Excellent resistance to fractures and wear
• No discoloration over time

 

Disadvantages:

• Relatively high cost

 

Fiber-Reinforced Zirconia Crown

This type incorporates reinforcing fibers into zirconia to enhance the crown's durability. It is suitable for teeth subjected to significant chewing pressure.

 

Advantages:

• Extremely high strength
• Resistance to fractures
• Natural appearance

 

Disadvantages:

• Higher cost compared to all-ceramic zirconia crowns

 

Layered Zirconia Crown

In this type, a thin porcelain layer is added over the zirconia base to enhance its natural look. It is ideal for front teeth where aesthetics are more critical.

 

Advantages:

• Very natural and beautiful appearance
• High color adaptability
• Good resistance to fractures

 

Disadvantages:

• Potential risk of the porcelain layer separating over time

 

Monolithic Zirconia Crown

Monolithic crowns are made from a single piece of zirconia without additional layers. These crowns are extremely strong and durable.

 

Advantages:

• Exceptional strength
• Resistance to fractures
• Quick and easy manufacturing

 

Disadvantages:

• Appearance may not be as natural as layered crowns

 

Applications of Zirconia Crowns

Due to their high durability, aesthetic appeal, and compatibility with gum tissue, zirconia crowns have a wide range of applications in dentistry. Made from a highly durable material with unique properties, zirconia crowns are ideal for various dental treatments.

 

 

Front Teeth Crowns

Thanks to their transparency and natural color, zirconia crowns are an excellent choice for front teeth, providing a completely natural look.

 

Molars Crowns

For molars that require greater strength, zirconia is a highly suitable option due to its exceptional resistance and durability.

 

Dental Bridges

Zirconia crowns are used to construct dental bridges, serving as replacements for missing teeth.

 

Dental Implants

Zirconia crowns can be placed over dental implants, giving them a beautiful and natural appearance.

 

Discolored Teeth Treatment

Zirconia crowns are highly effective in covering discolored or stained teeth, restoring their aesthetic appeal.

 

Reshaping and Resizing Teeth

Zirconia crowns can be used to reshape and resize teeth, creating a beautiful and harmonious smile.

These versatile applications make zirconia crowns a popular choice for achieving both functional and aesthetic dental results.

 

Advantages of Zirconia Dental Crowns

Zirconia crowns have become one of the most popular and widely used types of dental crowns due to their unique features. Beyond their aesthetic appeal and high durability, zirconia crowns offer a range of benefits, which are detailed below:

 

Natural and Beautiful Appearance

Zirconia crowns closely resemble natural teeth due to their translucency and variety of shades. This allows them to blend seamlessly with adjacent teeth, creating a harmonious and beautiful smile.

Resistance to Discoloration

Zirconia crowns are highly resistant to discoloration and maintain their whiteness over an extended period.

 

High Strength and Durability

Made from one of the strongest materials used in dentistry, zirconia crowns are extremely resistant to fractures and wear. This durability makes zirconia crowns last longer than other types of dental crowns.

 

Stain Resistance

The smooth and polished surface of zirconia crowns prevents stains from adhering easily, keeping the crowns looking clean and fresh.

 

Gum Compatibility

Zirconia is a biocompatible material that does not cause allergic reactions or irritation. It is gentle on the gum tissue, minimizing the risk of inflammation or sensitivity after placement.

 

Thermal Insulation

Zirconia acts as an excellent thermal insulator, preventing heat or cold from reaching the tooth's nerve. This reduces sensitivity to hot or cold foods and beverages.

 

Minimal Tooth Preparation

Placing a zirconia crown requires less tooth structure to be removed compared to some other crowns. This makes zirconia crowns suitable for both front and back teeth.

 

Types of Zirconia Dental Crowns Based on Color

Choosing the color of a zirconia crown is one of the most important decisions that directly impacts the beauty and natural appearance of your smile.

The color of teeth and crowns is determined using a scale called the Vita scale, which includes a wide range of shades identified by letters and numbers. The most common zirconia crown colors are as follows:

 

 

A1 Color Zirconia Crown

The A1 shade is one of the most popular and widely used colors for zirconia crowns. This shade is highly similar to the natural color of teeth, giving the smile a very natural and attractive appearance.

• Description: A bright white shade with a slight yellow or orange undertone.
• Appearance: So natural that it looks as though your own teeth have been restored.

 

A2 Color Zirconia Crown

The A2 shade is another popular option for zirconia crowns. It is considered a medium-bright shade and is slightly warmer than A1.

• Description: A warm shade with yellow or cream undertones.
• Appearance: Adds natural warmth and radiance to teeth, creating a younger and more vibrant look.

 

A3 Color Zirconia Crown

The A3 shade combines balanced whiteness with yellow undertones, making it a natural choice that blends well with most skin tones.

• Description: Closely matches the natural color of many teeth.
• Appearance: Provides a bright yet natural look without appearing artificial, seamlessly blending with natural teeth.

 

B1 Color Zirconia Crown

The B1 shade is one of the whitest natural tooth colors, making it another popular choice for zirconia crowns.

• Description: Bright and radiant white.
• Appearance: Offers a luminous and natural look that complements a variety of skin tones.

 

B2 Color Zirconia Crown

The B2 shade is slightly darker than B1, closely resembling the natural color of many teeth.

• Description: Natural and slightly subdued white shade with good translucency.
• Appearance: Blends well with natural teeth and maintains its color over time, ensuring a consistent and realistic look.

 

Steps for Fabricating a Zirconia Crown

The fabrication of a zirconia crown is a precise, multi-step process that utilizes advanced dental technologies. Below is a detailed explanation of the steps involved in creating a zirconia crown:

 

Step 1: Taking an Impression of the Tooth

The process begins with the dentist taking an accurate impression of the damaged tooth or teeth requiring the crown. This impression serves as a three-dimensional blueprint for the dental lab.

• Traditional Method: A mold is created using specialized dental materials.
• Digital Scanning: In some clinics, traditional impressions are replaced with digital scanning devices, which capture a 3D image of the teeth. This method is faster and more precise.

 

 

Step 2: Digital Design

The impression or digital scan is transferred to dental design software. Using this software, the dentist or dental technician designs the zirconia crown with high precision.

• Factors considered include color, shape, size, and position of the crown to ensure it matches neighboring teeth and complements the patient’s facial aesthetics.

 

Step 3: Milling the Crown

Zirconia blocks of various colors and purities are available. Based on the digital design, a suitable zirconia block is selected and placed in a CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and manufacturing) machine.

• Milling Process: The machine uses precise cutting tools to carve the crown from the zirconia block according to the digital design.
• Firing Process: After milling, the crown is fired in a high-temperature furnace for several hours to enhance its strength and durability.

 

Step 4: Polishing and Glazing

Once the crown has been fired, it is polished to create a smooth, shiny surface.

• Glazing: A layer of ceramic glaze is applied to the crown to give it a natural, tooth-like appearance. The crown is then fired again to set the glaze and improve its finish.

 

Step 5: Crown Placement

The final step involves preparing the tooth and installing the zirconia crown.

• Tooth Preparation: The dentist carefully shaves down a small portion of the tooth’s surface to ensure the crown fits securely.
• Crown Placement: The prepared crown is cemented onto the tooth using specialized dental adhesives.
• Final Adjustment: The dentist checks the crown’s fit and alignment to ensure it is properly seated and there are no functional or aesthetic issues.

 

 

Comparison of Zirconia Crowns with Other Dental Crowns

In this section, we will compare zirconia crowns with other types of dental crowns, such as composite, laminate veneers, ceramic, and PFM crowns:

 

Differences Between Zirconia and Composite Crowns

Zirconia and composite crowns each have unique advantages and disadvantages. Choosing between them depends on factors such as dental condition, budget, personal preferences, individual circumstances, and the dentist’s recommendations.

A dentist will evaluate your dental condition to determine the best option for you. Zirconia crowns are suitable for front teeth, severely damaged teeth, or those seeking long-lasting and highly durable crowns. Conversely, composite crowns are better for small cavities, closing gaps between teeth, whitening, or patients with limited budgets.

 

Comparison of Features

• Material: Zirconia is a highly strong ceramic, while composite is a mixture of ceramic particles in a polymer resin.
• Flexibility: Composite crowns are more flexible than zirconia crowns.
• Cost: Zirconia crowns are more expensive and require a larger budget than composite crowns.
• Durability: Zirconia crowns are highly resistant to fractures and wear, making them sturdier than composite crowns.
• Production Time: Zirconia crowns require more time to fabricate, while composite crowns can be made and installed in a single session.
• Lifespan: Composite crowns have a shorter lifespan than zirconia crowns, which can last significantly longer with proper care.

 

Differences Between Zirconia and Laminate Veneers

Laminate veneers are a highly effective option for improving the appearance of teeth. Their unique features allow patients to choose veneers based on budget, number of teeth, expectations, and the dentist’s advice.

Zirconia crowns are best for those seeking highly durable, natural-looking, and fracture-resistant options for restoring damaged teeth or dental implants. Laminate veneers, on the other hand, are ideal for quickly improving the appearance of teeth at a lower cost and for correcting minor issues such as discoloration or gaps.

 

Comparison of Features

• Durability: Laminate veneers are less durable than zirconia crowns and may break upon impact.
• Appearance: Laminate veneers can quickly enhance the look of teeth, but they may discolor over time, unlike zirconia crowns.
• Tooth Preparation: Laminates require more tooth shaving, while zirconia crowns require minimal tooth reduction.
• Lifespan: Zirconia crowns last significantly longer than laminate veneers with proper care.
• Cost: Zirconia crowns are more expensive than laminates.
• Staining: Laminate veneers are more prone to staining compared to zirconia crowns.
• Best Use: For front teeth that are damaged and need substantial restoration, zirconia crowns are a better option. For minor issues and cost-effective, quick solutions, laminate veneers are suitable.

 

Differences Between Zirconia and Ceramic Crowns

Ceramic crowns, like zirconia, are popular for restoring and enhancing the appearance of teeth. Both types share similarities, but their materials and fabrication processes differ.

 

Comparison of Features

• Material and Strength: Zirconia crowns are made from highly durable material, offering natural beauty and resistance to fractures, wear, and discoloration. Ceramic crowns are less durable and may break upon impact.
• Cost: Zirconia crowns are generally more expensive than ceramic crowns.
• Fabrication Time: Producing and installing zirconia crowns takes more time than some ceramic crowns.
• Best Use: Zirconia crowns are ideal for severely damaged teeth, while ceramic crowns are suitable for minor cosmetic issues.

 

Differences Between Zirconia and PFM Crowns

Zirconia and PFM crowns are two popular options for dental restorations. PFM crowns consist of a metal core (often gold or nickel-chromium alloy) covered with a thin porcelain layer.

 

Comparison of Features

• Appearance: Zirconia crowns are more natural-looking and free of dark metal lines compared to PFM crowns.
• Strength: Both zirconia and PFM crowns offer high durability.
• Cost: PFM crowns are typically less expensive than zirconia crowns.
• Durability: Zirconia is one of the strongest dental materials, highly resistant to fractures and wear.
• Discoloration: PFM crowns may discolor over time, whereas zirconia crowns maintain their appearance.

 

Who Should Use Zirconia Crowns?

Zirconia crowns, due to their unique features, are suitable for a wide range of individuals. Below are the groups of people who can benefit the most from this type of crown:

• Individuals Who Care About Aesthetic Appearance: Zirconia crowns offer a very natural look, resembling real teeth, making them an excellent choice for those who prioritize the beauty of their smile.
• People with Discolored Teeth: Zirconia effectively covers discoloration, giving you a bright and radiant smile.
• Those with Broken or Cracked Teeth: Thanks to its high strength, zirconia is ideal for repairing broken or cracked teeth.
• People with Worn Teeth: Zirconia crowns are highly resistant to wear and can protect your teeth from further erosion.
• Individuals Who Suffer from Teeth Grinding (Bruxism): Due to their excellent resistance to pressure, zirconia crowns are well-suited for people who grind their teeth.
• Those Allergic to Metals: Zirconia is a non-metallic material, making it a perfect option for people with metal sensitivities.
• People Seeking Long-Lasting Crowns: Zirconia crowns are highly durable and, with proper care, can last for many years.

 

Who Are Zirconia Crowns Not Suitable For?

Although zirconia crowns offer numerous advantages, they may not be ideal for everyone. Here are some situations where zirconia crowns are not recommended:

• Severely Damaged Teeth:
  If a tooth is extensively damaged and most of its structure is lost, more complex treatments like implants may be required. Zirconia crowns alone may not resolve such cases.
• Gum Problems:
  Individuals with serious gum issues who do not maintain proper oral hygiene might not be good candidates for zirconia crowns. Gum problems can lead to inflammation, infection, and ultimately, crown failure.
• Systemic Diseases:
  Certain systemic conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes, heart diseases, or blood clotting disorders, can impair the healing process after crown placement and reduce the likelihood of success.
• Patients with Limited Budgets:
  Zirconia crowns are more expensive than other types of crowns. If you are on a tight budget, you may want to consider alternative options.
• Individuals Seeking Minimal Tooth Reduction:
  Placing a zirconia crown requires some level of tooth shaving. If you prefer a solution that involves minimal tooth reduction, other options such as laminate veneers might be more suitable.

 

Disadvantages of Zirconia Dental Crowns

Despite the many advantages of zirconia crowns, like any other dental treatment, they also come with certain disadvantages. Being aware of these drawbacks is essential before making a decision. The main disadvantages of zirconia crowns are:

• High Cost:
  One of the biggest disadvantages of zirconia crowns is their high cost. Due to the high-quality materials and complex fabrication process, zirconia crowns are more expensive than other options.
• Longer Treatment Time:
  The process of creating a zirconia crown takes longer compared to some other crowns. As a result, multiple visits to the dentist may be required to complete the treatment.
• Potential Wear on Opposing Teeth:
  Because of the high hardness of zirconia, it may cause wear on opposing teeth over time, especially for individuals who grind their teeth.
• Chipping Risk in Rare Cases:
  Although zirconia is highly durable, in rare cases, it may chip or crack under excessive pressure.
• Tooth Sensitivity:
  Some patients may experience short-term tooth sensitivity after the placement of zirconia crowns.
• Color Matching Issues in Some Cases:
  While zirconia crowns have a natural appearance, in some cases, there may be slight differences in color between the crown and natural teeth, leading to imperfect color matching.
• Risk of Decay Under the Crown:
  If proper oral hygiene is not maintained, decay may develop underneath the zirconia crown.
• Design Limitations:
  Although zirconia crowns are versatile in design, certain highly complex designs may not be achievable with this material.

 

How Long Do Zirconia Dental Crowns Last?

Zirconia dental crowns are highly durable due to their strength, resistance to wear and fractures, and compatibility with oral tissues, making them a popular choice. A common question is, "How long do zirconia crowns last?" With proper care, zirconia crowns can have an impressively long lifespan.

On average, zirconia crowns last about 15 to 20 years with excellent care. Some crowns may even last up to 25 years or more. However, several factors, such as material quality, the dentist's skill, and other considerations, can significantly impact their longevity.

 

What Affects the Lifespan of Zirconia Crowns?

There is no definitive number for the lifespan of zirconia crowns, as it depends on various factors:

• Chewing Habits: People who habitually chew hard objects may experience a shorter lifespan for their crowns.
• Material Quality: Zirconia crowns made from high-purity and high-quality materials tend to last longer.
• Dentist's Skill: The precision and expertise of the dentist in crafting and fitting the crown directly affect its durability.
• Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and routine dental visits can significantly extend the life of zirconia crowns.
• Oral Health Conditions: Issues such as gum disease or teeth grinding (bruxism) can reduce the lifespan of zirconia crowns.

 

Necessary Care After Zirconia Crowns

To extend the lifespan of zirconia crowns, it is essential to follow these care guidelines:

• Regular Brushing:
  Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
• Flossing:
  Use dental floss daily to clean between your teeth and under the gumline.
• Routine Dental Visits:
  Visit your dentist every six months to ensure the health of your teeth and crowns.
• Avoid Chewing Hard Objects:
  Refrain from chewing on nails, ice, or other hard objects to prevent unnecessary stress on your crowns.
• Use a Mouthguard:
  If you grind your teeth (bruxism), wear a mouthguard to protect your crowns from excessive pressure.

 

What to Do If a Zirconia Crown Is Damaged?

If you notice any cracks, fractures, or loosening of your zirconia crown, visit your dentist as soon as possible. The dentist will assess the condition of the crown and recommend the best solution for repair or replacement.

 

Do Zirconia Crowns Smell?

No, zirconia crowns do not produce any odor on their own. However, if oral hygiene is not properly maintained, bacteria can accumulate around the crown, leading to bad breath. To prevent this, brush your teeth and floss after every meal.

 

Can You Drink Coffee with a Zirconia Crown?

Yes, drinking coffee with a zirconia crown is perfectly fine. Zirconia crowns are highly resistant to staining and discoloration, making them capable of withstanding exposure to coffee without noticeable changes in color. However, to maintain the crown’s appearance and longevity, it is recommended to rinse your mouth with water and brush your teeth after drinking coffee.

 

Can a Zirconia Crown Be Removed?

Yes, zirconia crowns can be removed by a dentist using specialized tools. Common reasons for removal include crown fractures, discoloration, or gum issues.

 

What Happens If You Swallow a Zirconia Crown?

Swallowing a zirconia crown is generally not a serious health risk, as the ceramic material is non-toxic and is naturally expelled by the body. However, it’s advisable to contact your dentist to ensure there are no complications related to your dental health.

 

How Much Does a Zirconia Crown Cost?

The cost of a zirconia crown varies widely depending on multiple factors, and no fixed price can be given. To determine the exact cost, visit your preferred dental clinic for a consultation. Your dentist can provide a precise estimate tailored to your treatment needs.

 

What Factors Affect the Cost of a Zirconia Crown?

Several factors influence the final price of a zirconia crown, including:

• The quality and type of zirconia based on material purity and processing.
• The thickness of the zirconia crown.
• The dentist’s expertise, experience, and qualifications.
• The advanced dental equipment used for designing and fabricating the crown.
• The quality of adhesive materials and other consumables.
• The geographic location of the clinic and its overhead costs.
• The number of crowns needed.
• The complexity of the design.
• Follow-up visits and check-ups.
• Imaging and diagnostics required before and after treatment.
• The type of insurance coverage and dental plan.
• Special discounts or promotions offered by some clinics during specific times.

 

Final Words

Zirconia crowns, with their natural beauty and unmatched durability, have become one of the most popular choices for dental restorations. If you’re looking for a crown that combines high durability with a completely natural appearance, zirconia crowns are a smart choice.

The results of zirconia crown treatments clearly show how these crowns can transform your smile. By reviewing these examples, you can get an accurate idea of the potential outcome of your treatment.

It is essential to note the longevity of zirconia crowns. By maintaining proper oral hygiene and scheduling regular dental visits, you can enjoy your zirconia crowns for many years.

Ultimately, the decision regarding the type of crown should always be made in consultation with your dentist. A dentist can assess the condition of your teeth and recommend the best option for you.

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Zirconia Crowns

• Is the placement of zirconia crowns painful?
  Before the crown placement, the tooth is numbed, ensuring you feel no pain. Post-treatment, there may be slight sensitivity, which can be alleviated with simple painkillers.
• How long does the zirconia crown procedure take?
  The time required depends on factors such as the number of teeth being treated and the complexity of the case. Typically, completing each crown requires multiple treatment sessions.
• Can zirconia crowns be replaced?
  Yes, zirconia crowns, like other crowns, can be replaced. However, due to their long lifespan, early replacements are rarely needed.