What is an Overdenture? A Comprehensive Guide from Procedure to Care

Having healthy and aligned teeth not only improves appearance but also plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. People who lose their teeth for various reasons often seek alternative solutions such as dentures, implants, or overdentures.

Overdentures, as one of the modern methods in dentistry, have gained a special place and are considered an ideal option for people looking for comfort, high performance, and aesthetics. In this article, we will comprehensively examine "what is an overdenture" and explore all its aspects, including the difference between overdentures and implants, fixed overdentures, overdenture problems, and more.

 

What is an overdenture?

An overdenture is an advanced type of denture that is placed on implants or gum tissue, helping individuals replace their missing teeth with a more natural appearance and better functionality.

Unlike traditional dentures that only rest on the gums, an overdenture offers more stability and prevents movement or slippage during chewing. This method is especially suitable for people who have lost a large number of their teeth or are experiencing severe gum recession.

According to recent studies, more than 60 percent of people who use traditional dentures suffer from problems such as slippage and dissatisfaction with chewing food. However, implant-supported overdentures, with an increase in stability of up to 90 percent compared to older methods, offer a modern solution to restore comfort and confidence in your smile.

This advanced technology not only has a high adaptability to the shape of the mouth but also improves patients' quality of life in the long term.

 

 

How is an overdenture Planted?

The process of placing an overdenture is divided into several stages, each requiring precision and expertise. The steps for an overdenture are as follows:

 

Initial Evaluation and Treatment Planning

In this stage, the dentist examines the patient's oral health, using advanced imaging techniques such as radiography and CT scans to assess the bone and gum structure. This information helps in accurately planning the implant placement and designing the overdenture.

 

Implant Placement or Gum Preparation

Depending on the type of overdenture (implant-supported or tissue-supported), dental implants are placed in suitable positions, or the gums are prepared for the overdenture placement. Implant placement requires a period for osseointegration (approximately 3 to 6 months).

 

Fabrication and Installation of the Overdenture

After the implants or gums are ready, impressions are taken of the mouth, and the overdenture is fabricated according to the individual's condition. This prosthesis is then installed on the abutments and final adjustments are made.

 

 

Types of Overdentures

Overdentures are classified into several categories based on how they attach to implant abutments or remaining teeth, each of which is fully examined below:

 

Bar Overdenture

This type of fixed overdenture is one of the most popular and durable models. In this method, implants (usually between 2 to 4) are connected to each other by a metal bar. This bar, typically made of titanium or durable alloys, serves as a strong base to hold the overdenture.

 

Features and Benefits:

• High Stability: Due to the connection of the implants with each other, the pressure applied during chewing is distributed evenly.
• Long Lifespan: The metal bar is highly durable and does not require frequent repairs.
• Ae Ball-Retained Overdenture

In a ball-retained overdenture, each implant is equipped with a ball-shaped attachment. These attachments serve as the primary retention mechanism for the overdenture. The structure of this model is such that the overdenture is placed onto the implants with a push fit and can be easily removed or installed with slight pressure.

 

Features and Benefits:

• Ease of Use: The easy installation and removal of this model are very suitable for patients with mobility issues.
• Cost-Effective: This method is less expensive compared to a bar-retained overdenture.
• More Common in the Lower Jaw: Due to the anatomical characteristics of the lower jaw, this type of overdenture is more commonly used in this area.

 

Partial Overdenture

Partial overdentures are designed for patients who have retained some of their natural teeth. In this method, the overdenture is stabilized in place using implants and the remaining teeth.

 

Features and Benefits:

• Preservation of Natural Teeth: This method allows the patient to continue to benefit from their natural teeth.
• Strengthening of Jaw Structure: The presence of natural teeth along with implants helps prevent jawbone resorption.
• More Natural Appearance: Partial overdentures have an appearance and function similar to natural teeth.

sthetic Design: It can be fully adapted to the shape of the patient's jaw and mouth.

 

Ball-Retained Overdenture

In a ball-retained overdenture, each implant is equipped with a ball-shaped attachment. These attachments serve as the primary retention mechanism for the overdenture. The structure of this model is such that the overdenture is placed onto the implants with a push fit and can be easily removed or installed with slight pressure.

 

Features and Benefits:

• Ease of Use: The easy installation and removal of this model are very suitable for patients with mobility issues.
• Cost-Effective: This method is less expensive compared to a bar-retained overdenture.
• More Common in the Lower Jaw: Due to the anatomical characteristics of the lower jaw, this type of overdenture is more commonly used in this area.

 

Partial Overdenture

Partial overdentures are designed for patients who have retained some of their natural teeth. In this method, the overdenture is stabilized in place using implants and the remaining teeth.

 

Features and Benefits:

• Preservation of Natural Teeth: This method allows the patient to continue to benefit from their natural teeth.
• Strengthening of Jaw Structure: The presence of natural teeth along with implants helps prevent jawbone resorption.
• More Natural Appearance: Partial overdentures have an appearance and function similar to natural teeth.

 

Overdenture Types Based on Planting base

Overdentures are divided into two categories based on their support. These two types of overdentures are chosen based on the patient's condition, oral and dental status, and individual needs, and consulting with a specialist dentist can help in making a more informed decision.

 

Planting based on gum tissue

Planting based on gum tissue are a common method for replacing missing teeth, which does not involve the use of implants. In this method, the prosthesis is placed directly on the gums and plays the role of natural teeth without the need for implant placement.

This type of overdenture, which relies on the gums, is usually suitable for people who cannot undergo implants for various reasons, including severe jawbone resorption, financial limitations, or physical problems. However, because this type of overdenture relies solely on the gum tissue, it may have less stability and require more adjustments and care compared to implant-supported models.

 

 

Planting based on implants

Planting based on implants are recognized as one of the most advanced and stable methods for replacing missing teeth. In this procedure, dental implants are first placed in the jawbone as strong anchors. Then, the overdenture is positioned on these implants and is securely stabilized using locking systems, such as special attachments.

This method is popular among patients due to its high stability, improved chewing ability, and longer lifespan. Additionally, the use of implants prevents further jawbone loss and provides a more natural appearance and function. However, this method may be more expensive and requires suitable jawbone conditions and the patient's overall health.

 

 

Overdenture vs Implant

Overdentures and implants are two advanced and popular methods in dentistry for replacing missing teeth. However, these two options have significant differences in various aspects, which we will explore in detail below:

 

Placement Method

 

Implants are placed directly and individually into the jawbone where teeth have been lost. Each implant acts as an artificial root, and the dental crown is attached to it. This method is used to replace one or more teeth and offers excellent stability due to its direct connection to the bone.

In contrast, an overdenture is a complete or partial prosthesis that is stabilized with the help of a limited number of implants (usually 2 to 6) in the upper or lower jaw. In some cases, an overdenture can be placed directly on the gums and supported by them, but ideally, it is supported by implants.

 

Cost

Cost is a significant factor in choosing between these two methods. Single implants are more expensive due to the need for individual placement for each tooth and the use of advanced components. This includes the cost of surgery, materials used, and the crown.

The price of implant-supported overdentures is lower due to the use of fewer implants and the possibility of creating a full prosthesis for the entire jaw. For patients seeking a more cost-effective solution, overdentures are a more suitable option.

 

Stability and Strength

One of the strengths of single implants is their strength and stability. These implants fully fuse with the jawbone and are completely fixed, so the patient feels like they have their natural teeth.

Overdentures, due to the use of implants to stabilize the prosthesis, also have more strength than conventional dentures. However, due to its design, it has some mobility and cannot be as fixed as single implants. However, this movement is very limited and does not affect the patient's function or comfort.

 

Care and Maintenance

Single implants require daily care similar to natural teeth; brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits are important to prevent infection or other problems.

Overdentures also require care, but they must be removed and cleaned daily. This contributes to better oral hygiene, but may be a bit cumbersome for some patients.

 

Comfort and Natural Appearance

Single implants are the best option for patients seeking aesthetics and optimal function due to their close resemblance to natural teeth and greater comfort.

Overdentures also have a good appearance, but due to being a full prosthesis, they may not look as natural as single implants. However, with technological advancements, modern overdentures have greatly improved in appearance and closely resemble real teeth.

 

How is an Overdenture Different from a Denture?

Many people may prefer dentures over overdentures due to their lower price and faster preparation. However, dentures differ from overdentures, which we will explore below:

 

Greater Stability and Comfort

Overdentures offer significantly higher stability compared to conventional dentures because they utilize implants or metal bars embedded in the jawbone. This structure ensures the overdenture remains firmly in place during speaking, eating, or even laughing. On the other hand, traditional dentures, which rest solely on the gums, may shift throughout the day or cause discomfort, particularly when an adequate adhesive is not used to secure them.

 

More Natural Appearance

One of the most significant advantages of overdentures is their close resemblance to natural teeth. The design of overdentures is such that they have a more natural appearance and are custom-made for the individual. This feature helps people feel more confident in social situations. In contrast, traditional dentures may have a more artificial appearance and may discolor or look lower quality over time due to wear and tear.

 

Improved Chewing Efficiency

Overdentures significantly improve chewing ability due to their enhanced stability and strong connection to the jawbone. With overdentures, a person can chew tougher foods without worrying about the denture shifting. Conversely, conventional dentures, due to their lack of stability, may move or cause pain in the gums when chewing harder foods, making the eating experience unpleasant.

 

Longer Lifespan

Another significant advantage of overdentures is their high durability. If properly cared for, an overdenture can have a longer lifespan than traditional dentures. This increased durability is due to the use of more resistant materials and advanced technology in the design and fabrication of overdentures. In contrast, conventional dentures may wear down, crack, or need replacement over time.

 

 

What is the lifespan of an overdenture?

The lifespan of an overdenture depends on various factors, such as the quality of materials, individual care, and the individual's oral condition. On average, an overdenture lasts between 10 to 15 years. However, the replacement of parts such as bars or attachments may be necessary during this period.

 

Disadvantages of Overdentures

Besides having many advantages, overdentures may also have some disadvantages. Some of the problems with overdentures include:

• High cost: Due to the use of dental implants and higher quality materials, dental overdentures are more expensive than traditional dentures. The price of fixed overdentures includes different treatment stages, including implant surgery, precise molding, and the fabrication of a custom prosthesis.
• Need for surgery: For implant-supported overdentures, implant surgery is absolutely essential. This surgery may be challenging for some individuals with specific health problems or insufficient jaw bone density.
• Need for special care: Due to their complex structure and connection to implants, overdentures require more precise care and maintenance. To maintain oral hygiene and the durability of the overdenture, daily cleaning and the use of specific tools such as interdental brushes are required. Failure to follow these tips can lead to gum inflammation, infection, or a reduction in the lifespan of the implants.

 

Post-Implant Overdenture Care

Following these guidelines will help extend the lifespan of your overdenture and reduce potential complications:

• Maintaining Oral Hygiene: Brushing and using special dental floss are essential for cleaning the overdenture.
• Regular Dental Check-ups: Periodic evaluation of the overdenture and adjustments by the dentist are necessary.
• Avoiding Hard Foods: To prevent damage to the overdenture, limit the consumption of hard and sticky foods.

 

 

Overdenture Price

The cost of an overdenture is not fixed and depends on several factors, including:

Number of Implants: The higher the number of implants, the greater the cost. For example, the cost of an overdenture for the upper jaw or the lower jaw alone is less than for both upper and lower jaws.

Type of Overdenture: Bar overdentures are usually more expensive than ball-retained overdentures.

Materials Used: The quality and type of materials used in the construction of the overdenture can change the cost.

Dentist's Skill: The experience and expertise of the dentist also affect the cost.

 

Summary

Overdenture surgery, as one of the most advanced methods for replacing missing teeth, has been a suitable solution for improving oral function and restoring self-confidence to patients. Considering the opinions about overdentures, this method, despite the cost and the need for more care, is a popular option among people looking for a long-term and effective replacement due to its natural appearance, comfort, and high efficiency. To ensure choosing the best method and receiving desired results, consulting with a specialized dentist is essential.