Introduction to Oral Warts + The Most Complete Information About This Condition and Its Treatment

Oral warts are one of the common oral issues caused by an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). These lesions usually appear as small, fleshy bumps in various areas of the mouth such as the tongue, gums, and the roof of the mouth.

Oral warts can be painless, but in some individuals, they may cause discomfort, difficulty in speaking, or eating. Treatment for oral warts includes topical methods such as cryotherapy, laser, or surgery, etc. If these lesions are not treated in time, they may lead to more serious problems.

 

Can Genital Warts Be Transmitted Through the Mouth?

The answer to this question is yes, because HPV—the virus responsible for genital warts in the mouth as well—can be easily transmitted through oral sex. For this reason, awareness of the transmission methods and prevention of genital warts in the mouth is highly important.

Treatment of genital warts in the mouth should be carried out under the supervision of a medical specialist to prevent serious complications. You can also see an image of genital warts in the mouth below.

 

What Is an Oral Wart?

An oral wart is a skin lesion caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that can appear in the mouth, on the tongue, and in the throat. It is also possible for warts to form on the roof of the mouth. This virus is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world and has over 100 different types, about 40 of which can infect the genital and oral areas.

Many people may be unaware of the presence of warts inside the mouth until they visit a doctor. It usually takes between 3 to 6 months for the HPV virus that causes oral warts to become visible inside the mouth. Therefore, it is recommended to begin treatment as soon as an initial diagnosis is made. For more information, you can visit the article "Introducing the difference between canker sores and oral warts; a complete review of symptoms, causes, and treatment methods."

 

Can Genital Warts Be Transmitted to the Mouth?

Yes, the human papillomavirus is primarily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact; however, in many cases, individuals contract genital warts through sexual activity. So, if oral sex takes place, the virus can be transmitted to the mouth, leading to the development of warts in the oral cavity.

This virus stimulates the growth of cells in the outer layer of the skin, resulting in the formation of small and sometimes painful warts.

Here you can see pictures of warts on the roof of the mouth, inside the mouth, and on the tongue:

• Picture of a wart on the roof of the mouth

 

 

• Picture of a wart inside the mouth

 

 

• Picture of a wart on the tongue

 

 

Symptoms of Genital Warts in the Mouth

Genital warts in the mouth often appear without any noticeable symptoms, which is why many people remain unaware of their infection for a long time. This can contribute to the further spread of the human papillomavirus (HPV), as individuals unknowingly transmit it to others.
Some types of this virus may lead to persistent infections which, in rare cases, can develop into oral cancer or oropharyngeal cancer. In the case of an active infection, the symptoms of genital warts in the mouth include:

1. Small, firm lumps in various colors including white, pink, red, or flesh-colored that do not heal after three weeks
2. A flat or slightly raised surface with slow and gradual growth
3. Difficulty swallowing or a feeling of food getting stuck during swallowing
4. Pain while chewing food
5. Painless lumps, but in some cases with slight sensitivity in the tonsils
6. A wart-like or cauliflower-like appearance
7. Abnormal discoloration of the soft tissue in the mouth, such as turning red, white, or black
8. Persistent and long-lasting sore throat
9. Frequent coughing, especially with blood
10. Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck
11. Hoarseness that persists continuously
12. Numbness or tingling in the lips or tongue
13. Unilateral ear pain lasting more than three weeks
14. Excessive saliva production without a clear reason
15. Unexplained weight loss

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially unusual lumps in the mouth or throat, it is essential to consult a doctor.

 

Cause of Oral Warts and How They Are Transmitted

What causes oral warts? The main cause of oral warts is direct contact with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This transmission mostly occurs through oral sexual activity or mouth-to-mouth contact with an infected person. When the oral mucosa or saliva of an infected person contains the virus, the likelihood of transmission increases through small cuts or abrasions inside the mouth or throat.

In addition to sexual contact, the virus can be transmitted from mother to child during natural childbirth. In rare cases, transmission through shared use of contaminated items such as eating utensils or medical equipment is also considered. However, the immune system in most people is capable of eliminating the virus before it causes illness.

In cases where the immune system is weakened or certain resistant strains of the virus enter the body, the infection may persist and appear as oral warts or even HPV-related cancers.

Research shows that over the past three decades, the prevalence of oral warts has increased and is observed more frequently in men than in women. According to World Health Organization statistics, fewer than 15,000 people worldwide are diagnosed annually with HPV-related oral cancers.

 

Risk Factors for Genital Warts in the Mouth

The primary risk factor for genital warts in the mouth is direct contact with the human papillomavirus through oral sex or mouth-to-mouth contact with an infected individual. Researchers are still investigating all the factors influencing the transmission of this virus, but some of the most recognized risk factors include the following:

 

Oral Sexual Activity

Engaging in oral sex with an infected partner, especially among individuals who smoke, increases the risk of developing genital warts inside the mouth. Studies show that men are more exposed to this infection compared to women.

 

Multiple Sexual Partners

Having a high number of sexual partners over a lifetime—especially more than 20—can increase the risk of genital warts in the mouth by up to 20 percent. For this reason, it is recommended to delay the onset of sexual activity in early age to reduce the chance of transmission through oral saliva.

 

Smoking

Cigarette smoking weakens the immune system and creates a favorable environment for the virus to replicate. Additionally, cigarette smoke irritates the oral mucosa and increases its vulnerability to viral infections.

 

Alcohol Consumption

Studies have shown that excessive alcohol consumption, especially in men, can increase the risk of genital warts in the mouth.

 

Age

HPV infections often remain asymptomatic in the body for years, which is why symptoms of genital warts in the mouth are more commonly observed in adults. Also, the risk of developing oral and oropharyngeal cancers caused by this virus increases with age.

 

 

Ways to Prevent Warts Inside the Mouth

Most medical and dental organizations do not recommend routine screening for oral warts, but lifestyle modification is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Below are some effective preventive measures:

 

Practice Safe Sex

Using condoms or dental dams during oral sex can reduce the likelihood of transmitting genital warts through the mouth. These methods do not completely prevent transmission, but they significantly lower the risk.

 

Limit the Number of Sexual Partners

The more sexual partners a person has, the higher the risk of contracting HPV. Maintaining stable and informed relationships can help prevent viral infections.

 

Evaluate the Health Status of Sexual Partners

Before engaging in sexual activity, discuss sexual history and recent STD test results. The presence of any suspicious lesions or sores in the mouth or genital area should be a warning sign to avoid contact.

 

Regular Dental Checkups and Self-Examination

A dentist can check for early signs of warts on the roof of the mouth or other areas during routine checkups. Additionally, individuals are advised to examine the inside of their mouths monthly and consult a doctor if any abnormal changes are observed.

 

Get the HPV Vaccine

Another highly effective method to reduce the risk of HPV infection is vaccination. The Gardasil 9 vaccine can provide up to 100% protection against high-risk strains of the virus, including HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 58, 45, and 52.

 

What Is the Gardasil Vaccine?

Gardasil is the most effective way to prevent HPV and related diseases, including genital warts and certain cancers. Individuals aged 9 to 14 should receive two doses of the vaccine, spaced 6 to 12 months apart, while those aged 15 and older require three doses over a 6-month period.

Initially recommended for people under 26 years of age, this safe and effective vaccine is now available for individuals aged 27 to 45 as well. Studies have shown that receiving the vaccine can reduce the risk of oral HPV infections by up to 88% and help prevent HPV-related cancers, including oropharyngeal cancer.

 

 

Treatment of Oral Warts

• Is there a treatment for genital warts in the mouth?

There is no definitive cure for oral warts, but certain methods can help eliminate the wart lesions. These methods include:

 

Medical and Pharmaceutical Treatment of Oral Warts

To treat oral warts, doctors use antiviral medications and advanced medical procedures. Some of these methods involve topical treatments such as salicylic acid and cantharidin, which help remove viral growths. Additionally, imiquimod cream may also be effective for oral warts.

Procedures like laser surgery, electrosurgery, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, and injections of interferon alpha-2b are used to halt the virus’s growth and strengthen the immune system.

After treatment, the patient should undergo an HPV test every 8 to 12 months to determine whether the infection has cleared or is still present in the body. Since no medication exists to completely eliminate the virus, warts may reappear at different times due to stress or a weakened immune system.

To ensure overall health, consulting a specialist and following up with the necessary examinations is essential.

 

Home Remedies for Oral Warts

For those seeking home remedies for oral warts, some methods may help reduce symptoms and eliminate oral warts. Due to its antiviral properties, garlic can be applied topically. Aloe vera gel, with its anti-inflammatory properties, may reduce inflammation and discomfort.

Some people have reported positive results after rubbing pieces of banana peel or raw potato on the wart for several weeks.

Apple cider vinegar, due to its disinfecting properties, may cause the wart to darken and eventually disappear. Additionally, baking soda, basil, or cilantro are also recommended in traditional medicine for improving these lesions.

While using home remedies for genital warts in the mouth may work for some individuals, it’s best to consult a doctor for definitive treatment and to avoid spreading the virus. Home treatments should not be done without medical supervision.

 

Traditional Treatments for Genital Warts in the Mouth

In traditional medicine, treating genital warts in the mouth is based on cleansing the body of phlegm and black bile. For this purpose, drinking herbal teas such as thyme, lavender, and rose may help eliminate waste materials. Additionally, applying crushed black seed with vinegar or a mixture of salt and vinegar is recommended for topical treatment.

Herbal oils like rose oil, castor oil, and tea tree oil are effective for reducing the size of warts due to their antiseptic and healing properties. Another traditional method involves a mixture of dried figs and natural resin, which has both therapeutic benefits and a pleasant taste.

Also, gargling with fig leaf water helps disinfect the mouth. These methods may accelerate the healing process, but if the warts progress, seeing a doctor is necessary.

 

Lifestyle Changes for Treating Genital Warts in the Mouth

To prevent the spread of warts and speed up their recovery, certain lifestyle changes are recommended. A diet rich in vitamins helps strengthen the immune system. Consuming foods high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits and leafy greens, can make the body more resistant to the virus.

Drinking enough water, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and maintaining oral hygiene also help reduce the chances of wart recurrence. Additionally, using Jomeyo mouthwash for oral warts or natural-based mouthwashes containing tea tree oil may help inhibit the virus’s growth.

Moreover, individuals with oral warts should avoid close contact and oral interaction with others to prevent virus transmission.

 

Immunotherapy for Genital Warts in the Mouth

Immunotherapy is one of the newer methods for treating genital warts in the mouth, helping the immune system fight the human papillomavirus more effectively. This method uses medications that stimulate the production of immune cells.

Injecting interferon or taking certain immune-stimulating drugs can suppress the virus’s activity and prevent the regrowth of warts. This approach is usually recommended for individuals with weak immune systems or those who do not respond well to other treatments. Immunotherapy may have side effects in some cases, so it should be done under medical supervision.

 

Laser Treatment of Oral Warts

Laser treatment for oral warts is one of the most advanced methods for removing warts inside the mouth. This method is used when the warts have grown large or have not responded to other treatments. In this procedure, the laser beam destroys the infected tissue and removes the wart. The main advantage of laser therapy is its precision, causing minimal damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.

Additionally, wounds caused by laser treatment usually heal faster than those from traditional surgery. Although this method may be more expensive than some other treatments, in specific cases it can be an effective and minimally invasive option.

Ultimately, the choice of treatment for oral warts depends on the severity of the condition, the immune system’s status, and the doctor’s assessment. Following medical advice and boosting the immune system can be effective in healing and preventing the recurrence of oral warts.

 

 

Types of Oral Warts and Their Symptoms

Oral warts can develop for various reasons, with the primary cause being the human papillomavirus (HPV). Depending on the specific strain of HPV involved, several types of warts may form in the mouth. Below is a description of each:

 

Squamous Papilloma

These warts appear cauliflower-like and white in color. They may develop in any part of the mouth, including the tongue, gums, and inner cheeks. HPV types 6 and 11 are typically responsible for this type. These warts are usually painless but may cause difficulty with swallowing or speaking if they grow large.

 

Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris)

These warts have a raised, rough surface and typically appear on the skin. However, in rare cases, common warts may form on the tongue or other parts of the mouth. This type usually resolves on its own and is more commonly seen in children. HPV types 2 and 4 cause these warts.

 

Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts in the Mouth)

These warts often appear in the genital area, but in the case of oral sexual contact, they can be transmitted to the mouth. Condyloma acuminatum warts are cauliflower-shaped and pink or white. This type is generally associated with HPV types 6, 2, and 11, and can appear inside the mouth, particularly on the tongue and gums.

 

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia

This condition presents as small white or pink papules on the mucosal surfaces of the tongue and gums. The lesions are numerous and are caused by HPV types 13 and 32. These warts are benign but may require treatment in certain cases.

 

Mixed Warts

Mixed warts often exhibit a combination of characteristics from different types of warts and may appear as common warts, papillomas, or condylomas in the mouth. They typically occur in clusters on parts of the mouth that are more exposed, such as the tongue or gums.

 

Lesions That Resemble Oral Warts

In some cases, other types of oral lesions may be mistaken for oral warts. These include:

1. Inflammatory papules of the tongue caused by inflammation or other infections, which appear as small bumps on the tongue.
2. Oral cysts, which may resemble warts but are usually fluid-filled and painful.
3. Canker sores, which are painful white ulcers commonly found inside the mouth or on the gums.
4. Syphilitic sores, which are often confused with warts, but are usually painful and require immediate treatment.

In conclusion, if you suspect the presence of oral warts or similar symptoms, it is best to consult a specialist for a more accurate diagnosis.

 

 

Difference Between Canker Sores and Oral Warts

Canker sores and oral warts are two distinct issues in the mouth, with different causes and symptoms. Below is a comparison of canker sores and oral warts:

 

Cause

Oral warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and can be transmitted through oral sexual contact. In contrast, the exact cause of canker sores is unknown, but various factors such as stress, minor mouth injuries, food sensitivities, or nutritional deficiencies may contribute to their development.

 

Appearance

Oral warts usually appear as firm, raised bumps in white or pink color inside the mouth and often resemble a cauliflower shape. In contrast, canker sores appear as small, painful ulcers with red edges and a white or yellow center.

 

Cancer Risk

If not treated in time, oral warts can increase the risk of developing oral cancer, as some HPV strains may lead to cellular changes and cancer. However, canker sores are non-cancerous ulcers that typically heal on their own, especially if not caused by infections such as HPV.

 

Transmission

Genital warts in the mouth are transmitted through oral sexual contact or direct contact with an infected person. In contrast, canker sores are not contagious and do not spread from person to person, although they may be triggered by viral infections like HPV.

 

Treatment

Oral warts require specific treatment, which may include antiviral medications or surgical procedures to remove the warts. Canker sores usually heal on their own, and home remedies such as anti-inflammatory medications or specific mouthwashes can help relieve pain.

The difference between canker sores and oral warts is clearly defined. Oral warts are usually caused by an HPV infection and can potentially be cancerous, while canker sores are non-cancerous lesions that are mostly linked to environmental and physical factors.

 

 

What Is the Difference Between Cold Sores and Oral Warts?

Cold sores and oral warts are two different types of lesions in the mouth. Oral herpes, caused by an infection with the herpes simplex virus, usually appears as red, fluid-filled sores in areas such as the lips, gums, and soft palate.

In contrast, oral warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) appear as fleshy, painless bumps in white or gray color, found in various parts of the mouth including the lips, tongue, gums, and palate.

The treatment for these two types of lesions also differs; cold sores are treated with antiviral medications, while oral warts are removed using methods like cryotherapy or surgery.

 

Methods for Diagnosing Oral Warts

Diagnosing oral warts can be challenging, as lesions are often not clearly visible. However, several methods exist to identify this condition:

 

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Test

This is the most accurate method for diagnosing oral warts. In this test, the doctor collects a sample of cells from the oral mucosa and extracts its DNA. By amplifying the DNA, specialists can detect even small amounts of the human papillomavirus.

 

Clinical Examination

In some cases, a doctor may be able to diagnose oral warts by physically examining the lesions. This method is generally useful when visible growths are present in the mouth or throat.

 

Biopsy (Tissue Sampling)

If a doctor suspects the presence of warts or other lesions, a small tissue sample may be taken for further examination to confirm the type of HPV.
Early diagnosis plays an important role in managing and controlling the condition, especially for individuals at higher risk.

 

What Are the Risks of Oral Warts?

Excessive tobacco and alcohol use are among the known factors linked to oral cancer. Recently, an increase in cancers of the mouth, throat, and nasal cavity has been directly associated with HPV-16, a virus transmitted through sexual activity. This type of cancer can affect the mouth, throat, and tonsils, and since early symptoms are often mild, diagnosis can be difficult.

White males—especially those who use tobacco and are aged between 35 and 55—are at the highest risk. Additionally, people with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive medications, face a greater risk.

Individuals with multiple sexual partners and those who engage in oral sex without protection are also at increased risk of contracting genital warts orally and developing more serious complications.
Oral warts that form on the tongue or inside the mouth typically don’t cause significant issues. However, distinguishing them from more serious symptoms like oral cancer can be challenging.

 

Can Oral Warts Occur in Children?

Yes, oral warts can also appear in children. These warts are caused by an HPV infection and can occur in various parts of the mouth.

 

Signs and Symptoms of Oral Warts in Children

Oral warts in children appear as small, fleshy bumps and are often painless. However, in some cases, they may cause discomfort and difficulties with eating or speaking.

 

How Oral Warts Are Transmitted in Children

Oral warts in children are transmitted through direct contact with existing warts or infected areas. Children with warts should avoid touching them and then putting their hands in their mouths to prevent new warts from forming.

 

Treatment of Oral Warts in Children

In many cases, oral warts in children resolve on their own and do not require specific treatment. However, if the warts cause discomfort or problems, it is recommended to consult a specialist for treatment of warts on the roof of the mouth or around the lips.

 

Preventing Oral Warts in Children

To prevent oral warts in children, the following measures can be helpful:

1. Practicing personal hygiene, such as regular handwashing. Teaching children to wash their hands frequently, especially after playing and before eating, helps reduce the risk of virus transmission.
2. Educating children not to touch their own or others’ warts or infected areas.
3. Limiting contact with infected individuals. If your child is in contact with someone who has oral warts, close contact should be avoided.
4. Encouraging children to brush their teeth twice daily and use mouthwash helps maintain oral hygiene.

 

 

When Should You See a Doctor?

In most cases, the immune system is able to suppress the human papillomavirus (HPV) before it leads to a serious infection. However, some types of oral warts may cause lesions in the mouth that resemble common warts.

Since certain HPV strains are associated with oral and cervical cancers, it is recommended to consult a doctor without delay if you notice any suspicious lesions in the mouth—especially if you have a history of high-risk sexual activity.

In many individuals, HPV infection clears without symptoms, but in some cases, the virus becomes active and oral warts may appear. Medical monitoring is essential in such cases to prevent the spread of the infection and the development of serious complications.

Since this virus cannot be completely eliminated from the body and can only be controlled, prevention remains the best way to deal with it.

 

Which Doctor Should You See for Oral Warts?

To treat oral warts, the best option is to consult doctors who specialize in oral and dental conditions. These include:

• Dentists: If the oral wart is located in areas such as the gums, tongue, or roof of the mouth, dentists can diagnose and treat it. They specialize in oral issues and can offer effective treatment options.
• ENT Specialists (Ear, Nose, and Throat): If the warts appear in the back of the mouth or throat, ENT specialists can recommend the appropriate treatment.
• Dermatologists: For oral warts that resemble skin warts, dermatologists may suggest effective treatments such as cryotherapy or laser therapy.

In any case, seeing a specialist is essential to ensure proper treatment of oral warts and prevent complications.

 

Conclusion: Protecting Oral Health and Preventing Serious Problems

Oral warts may seem harmless, but in some cases, if left untreated, they can become dangerous and lead to more serious issues such as oral cancer. Genital warts in the mouth, caused by HPV, are transmitted through oral sex—making awareness and prevention very important. Timely and proper treatment of these lesions can prevent serious complications and help maintain your oral health.

If you are looking for effective treatment of oral warts and want to avoid associated complications, it is best to consult a specialist. Dr. Ebadian's Clinic, offering specialized services in oral and dental treatments, can support you along this path and help prevent more serious issues. By visiting this clinic, you can benefit from reliable and up-to-date medical care.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are oral warts contagious?
   Yes, oral warts can be transmitted through direct contact with areas infected by the HPV virus. This virus is transmitted through oral sex.
2. How can oral warts be treated?
   Oral warts can be treated using topical treatments such as cryotherapy, surgery, antiviral medications, and even home remedies. However, it is best to consult a specialist for proper treatment.
3. How can oral warts be prevented?
   Maintaining oral hygiene, using proper toothbrushes and mouthwash, avoiding direct contact with individuals who have oral warts, and using personal items such as toothbrushes can help prevent infection.
4. Can oral warts go away on their own?
   In some cases, oral warts may go away on their own, but to avoid further complications and ensure proper treatment, it’s best to consult a doctor.